European Court of Human Rights

FIRST SECTION

CASE OF U.K. v. POLAND

(Application no. 58832/21)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

11 April 2024

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of U.K. v. Poland,

The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:

 Péter Paczolay, President,
 Gilberto Felici,
 Raffaele Sabato, judges,

and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,

Having deliberated in private on 21 March 2024,

Having regard to the decision to grant the applicant anonymity, in accordance with Rule 47 § 4 of the Rules of the Court,

Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:

PROCEDURE

1.  The case originated in an application against Poland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") on 22 November 
2021.

2.  The Polish Government ("the Government") were given notice of the application.

THE FACTS

3.  The applicant's details and information relevant to the application are set out in the appended table.

4.  The applicant complained of the excessive length of civil proceedings and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law.

THE LAW

1. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 AND ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION

5.  The applicant complained that the length of the civil proceedings in question had been incompatible with the "reasonable time" requirement and that she had no effective remedy in this connection. She relied on Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention.

6.  The Court notes that the Government raised preliminary objections, most notably that the applicant can no longer be considered, within the meaning of Article 34 of the Convention, a "victim" of a violation of her right to a hearing within a reasonable time since she only became a party to the proceedings in 2019 and had already been awarded 2,000 Polish zlotys (PLN) by the Ostrołęka Regional Court.

7.  The Court notes that this issue falls to be determined in the light of the principles established under the Court's case-law (see Cocchiarella v. Italy [GC], no. 64886/01, § 69-107, ECHR 2006-V, and Scordino v. Italy (no. 1) [GC], no. 36813/97, § 178-213 and 220, ECHR 2006-V).

8.  The Court finds that the applicant has declared her intention to continue the proceedings as legal successor, and therefore could complain of the entire length of the proceedings (Scordino, cited above, § 220). The Court notes that the Ostrołęka Regional Court awarded the applicant the equivalent of 440 euros (EUR) in respect of the length of the proceedings. The Court finds that the redress provided to the applicant at the domestic level, considered on the basis of the facts of which she complains before the Court, was insufficient (see Janulis v. Poland, no. 31792/15, § 21, 16 January 2020, with further examples). In these circumstances, the argument that the applicant has lost her victim status or that her complaint is otherwise manifestly ill-founded cannot be upheld.

9.  The Court reiterates that the reasonableness of the length of proceedings must be assessed in the light of the circumstances of the case and with reference to the following criteria: the complexity of the case, the conduct of the applicant and the relevant authorities and what was at stake for the applicant in the dispute (see Frydlender v. France [GC], no. 30979/96, § 43, ECHR 2000-VII).

10.  In the leading case of Rutkowski and Others v. Poland, nos. 72287/10 and 2 others, 7 July 2015, the Court already found a violation of Article 6 of the Convention in relation to the length of judicial proceedings.

11.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of justifying the overall length of the proceedings at the national level. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the proceedings was excessive and failed to meet the "reasonable time" requirement.

12.  The Court further notes that the applicant did not have at her disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints.

13.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 and of Article 13 of the Convention.

2. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION

14.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case-law (see, in particular, Rutkowski and Others, cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sum indicated in the appended table.

FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,

1. Declares the application admissible;
2. Holds that the application discloses a breach of Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of civil proceedings and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law;
3. Holds

(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicant, within three months, the amount indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;

(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amount at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.

Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 April 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.

 Viktoriya Maradudina Péter Paczolay

 Acting Deputy Registrar President

APPENDIX

Application raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention

(excessive length of civil proceedings and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law)

[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicant.